The Roman Empire (p. 160-165 notes)

Main idea: 
The creation of the Roman Empire transformed Roman government, society, economy, and culture.
Why It Matters Now: 
The Roman Empire has served throughout history as a model of political organization and control.
Terms and Names:
civil war- conflict between groups within the same country
Julius Caesar- a military leader who joined forces with Crassus, a wealthy Roman, and Pompey, a popular general
triumvirate- a group of three leaders
Augustus- The name Octavian accepted  when he became the ruler of Rome meaning, "exalted one"
Pax Romana-The period of peace and prosperity manning "Roman peace"

- problems from Romes increasing wealth and boundaries led to a shakeup in the government and a new political system
- gap in social classes, the rich and poor kept growing wider
- the slaves captured in wars were forced to work for rich land owners on their farms.
- smaller landowners and farmers had to sell their land to the wealthy people because they couldn't keep up with them (they lost their jobs and became homeless)
- Tiberius and Gaius, brothers, worked to help the poor, limited the size of estates, giving them more land
- as the republic kept growing more unstable, generals starting seizing power for themselves
- they recruited soldiers from all of the poor landowners who lost their land
- Caesar was elected consul in 59 BC
- Caesar was a strong leader and had a genius military strategy, only served one year as consul, he was also very popular in Rome
- Rome was at the peak of its power when Augustas's rule in 27 BC to AD 180
- there was peace throughout Rome for 207 years
- during that peace the Roman Empire included more then 3 million square miles and its population was around 60 and 80 million people
- Agriculture was the most important industry in the empire
- Rome had a vast trading network with ships from the east traveled the Mediterranean  which was protected y the Rome navy
- Rome emphasizes the values of discipline, strength and loyalty.
A person with all of those values was said to have the important virus of gravitas
- Most people in the Roman Empire worked on farms
- Romans made use of slaves more then any other previous civilization
- slaves worked both in the city and the farm and were treated very cruel, being worked all day long
- early romans worshiped powerful spirits or divine forces
- In Rome, religion and government were linked
- wealth and social status had a big role in how people lived and they had little in common
- the rich lived amazing lives with lots of money to spend, and luxuries
- most people n Rome barely had the necessities of life



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